HIMT 03 – STATISTICS – Bayelsa State College of Health Technology

BAYELSA STATE COLLEGE OF HEALTH TECHNOLOGY, OTUODIGI, OGBIA-TOWN

PRACTICE PAPER FOR HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGY

STATISTICS

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS ONLY

(100 MARKS)

Student's Name

Matric No.

Course Title

What is a 'normal distribution'?

A) A probability distribution that is symmetric and bell-shaped

B) A distribution with two peaks

C) A distribution with no variation

D) A distribution where all values are equally likely

None

What does the term 'bias' refer to in statistics?

A) Systematic error introduced into sampling or testing

B) The average value of a data set

C) The variability within a data set

D) The correlation between variables

None

Which statistic indicates the frequency of hospital readmissions?

A) Readmission Rate

B) Length of Stay

C) Bed Occupancy Rate

D) Turnover Rate

None

What is the 'mean absolute deviation'?

A) The average of the absolute differences between each data point and the mean

B) The difference between the highest and lowest values

C) The standard deviation of a data set

D) The average of the squared deviations from the mean

None

What does the median represent in a data set?

A) The average value

B) The middle value when the data is ordered

C) The most frequently occurring value

D) The difference between the highest and lowest values

None

In a normal distribution, what percentage of data falls within three standard deviations of the mean?

A) 68%

B) 95%

C) 99.7%

D) 100%

None

Which statistical measure is used to describe the average deviation of data points from the mean?

A) Standard deviation

B) Median

C) Mode

D) Range

None

Which test is used to determine if there is a significant difference between the means of two independent groups?

A) Independent t-test

B) Paired t-test

C) Chi-square test

D) ANOVA

None

What does the 'patient turnover rate' indicate?

A) The number of patients admitted and discharged over a specific period

B) The average duration of patient stay

C) The number of beds available in the hospital

D) The percentage of occupied beds

None

10.

What does 'sampling bias' refer to?

A) A distortion in the sample that leads to inaccurate conclusions about the population

B) The process of selecting a sample from a population

C) The method of calculating the mean

D) The technique for estimating population parameters

None

11.

What is a z-score?

A) A measure of how many standard deviations an element is from the mean

B) The average value of the data set

C) The correlation coefficient between two variables

D) The range of the data set

None

12.

Which measure of central tendency is most affected by outliers?

A) Mean

B) Median

C) Mode

D) Range

None

13.

In a data set, what does 'data transformation' involve?

A) Changing the data to fit a specific model or scale for analysis

B) Calculating the range of the data set

C) Measuring the central tendency of the data

D) Identifying outliers in the data

None

14.

What is a contingency table used for?

A) To display the frequency distribution of categorical variables

B) To calculate the mean of a data set

C) To measure the correlation between two variables

D) To summarize the spread of the data

None

15.

Which of the following measures is used to describe the center of a data set?

A) Mean

B) Standard deviation

C) Range

D) Variance

None

16.

What is 'stratified sampling'?

A) A sampling method where the population is divided into subgroups and samples are taken from each subgroup

B) A sampling method where every member of the population has an equal chance of being selected

C) A method for calculating the mean of a data set

D) A technique for measuring data dispersion

None

17.

Which type of data visualization is best for showing changes over time?

A) Line graph

B) Pie chart

C) Bar chart

D) Scatter plot

None

18.

Which type of chart is best for showing proportions of a whole?

A) Pie chart

B) Line graph

C) Bar chart

D) Histogram

None

19.

What is the 'admission rate'?

A) The number of new admissions per 1,000 population in a specific time period

B) The number of patients discharged in a specific time period

C) The total number of beds in the hospital

D) The average length of stay for patients

None

20.

What is 'exponential smoothing' used for in time series analysis?

A) To forecast future values based on past observations with a smoothing factor

B) To calculate the median of a time series

C) To measure the correlation between time series data

D) To identify the frequency distribution of the data

None

21.

What does a p-value represent in hypothesis testing?

A) The probability of observing the data given that the null hypothesis is true

B) The probability of the null hypothesis being true

C) The power of the test

D) The confidence level of the test

None

22.

What does the term 'bed occupancy rate' measure?

A) The percentage of available beds that are occupied by patients

B) The number of beds available in the hospital

C) The average length of hospital stay

D) The number of patients admitted daily

None

23.

What is the coefficient of determination (R²)?

A) A measure of how well data fits a statistical model

B) The average value of the data set

C) The standard deviation of the residuals

D) The total variance in the data

None

24.

What does a negative correlation coefficient indicate?

A) As one variable increases, the other variable decreases

B) Both variables increase together

C) Both variables decrease together

D) There is no relationship between the variables

None

25.

What is the primary use of a 'cumulative frequency distribution'?

A) To show the number of observations below a certain value

B) To measure the mean of a data set

C) To display the relationship between two variables

D) To calculate the mode of a data set

None

26.

What does the term 'case mix index' (CMI) reflect?

A) The complexity and severity of cases treated in the hospital

B) The number of cases handled by the hospital

C) The hospital's financial performance

D) The number of staff members employed

None

27.

In statistics, what is the term for the difference between the highest and lowest values?

A) Mean

B) Median

C) Mode

D) Range

None

28.

Which statistic measures the average duration of patient stay in a hospital?

A) Average Length of Stay (ALOS)

B) Bed Occupancy Rate

C) Patient Turnover Rate

D) Readmission Rate

None

29.

In a normal distribution, what percentage of data lies between the mean and one standard deviation above the mean?

A) 34%

B) 68%

C) 95%

D) 50%

None

30.

What is the purpose of a confidence interval?

A) To estimate a range within which the population parameter is likely to fall

B) To determine the mode of a data set

C) To calculate the exact value of the population mean

D) To assess the correlation between variables

None

31.

In a box plot, what do the whiskers represent?

A) The range of the data

B) The interquartile range

C) The median of the data

D) The frequency of data points

None

32.

What is the formula to calculate the bed occupancy rate?

A) (Total Patient Days / Total Available Bed Days) × 100

B) (Total Admissions / Total Discharges) × 100

C) (Total Bed Days / Total Patient Days) × 100

D) (Total Discharges / Total Admissions) × 100

None

33.

Which of the following is a non-parametric test?

A) Mann-Whitney U test

B) T-test

C) ANOVA

D) Linear regression

None

34.

What does the interquartile range (IQR) measure?

A) The spread of the middle 50% of the data

B) The difference between the highest and lowest values

C) The average of the squared deviations

D) The mean value of the data set

None

35.

What does a correlation coefficient of -1 indicate?

A) Perfect positive correlation

B) No correlation

C) Perfect negative correlation

D) Weak positive correlation

None

36.

What does 'sample size' refer to in statistics?

A) The number of observations in a sample

B) The total number of variables measured

C) The range of values in a data set

D) The mean value of a data set

None

37.

What does 'data cleaning' refer to in the context of data analysis?

A) The process of identifying and correcting errors or inconsistencies in data

B) The calculation of descriptive statistics

C) The visualization of data distributions

D) The testing of hypotheses

None

38.

What does the term 'kurtosis' describe in a data set?

A) The "tailedness" of the distribution

B) The average value of the data set

C) The spread of the data

D) The skewness of the data

None

39.

Which of the following is a common indicator of hospital performance?

A) Patient Satisfaction Score

B) Building Age

C) Staff Uniform Quality

D) Cafeteria Sales

None

40.

What is the mean of the following numbers: 4, 8, 6, 5, and 7?

A) 6

B) 5.5

C) 7

D) 5

None

41.

What does 'data normalization' involve?

A) Adjusting data to a common scale without distorting differences in the range of values

B) Calculating the mean of a data set

C) Measuring the spread of the data

D) Summarizing data into frequency distributions

None

42.

What is the purpose of the 'F-test' in statistics?

A) To compare the variances of two or more groups

B) To test the mean of a single group

C) To determine the correlation between two variables

D) To calculate the mode of a data set

None

43.

In a data set, what does the term 'outlier' refer to?

A) A value significantly different from other values in the data set

B) The average value of the data set

C) The most frequently occurring value

D) The middle value of the data set

None

44.

Which measure of central tendency is used for ordinal data?

A) Median

B) Mean

C) Mode

D) Range

None

45.

What is the mode of the following data set: 2, 3, 3, 5, 7?

A) 2

B) 3

C) 5

D) 7

None

46.

What is the primary goal of exploratory data analysis?

A) To summarize and visualize the main characteristics of a data set

B) To confirm a hypothesis about the data

C) To test the significance of the results

D) To estimate the population parameters

None

47.

What is the purpose of a box plot?

A) To visualize the distribution of data based on quartiles

B) To compare the means of two groups

C) To measure the correlation between two variables D) To display the frequency distribution of a data setB) To compare the means of two groups C) To measure the correlation between two variables

D) To display the frequency distribution of a data set

None

48.

Which statistical test is used to compare the means of more than two groups?

A) ANOVA (Analysis of Variance)

B) T-test

C) Chi-square test

D) Mann-Whitney U test

None

49.

What is the purpose of a regression analysis?

A) To assess the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables

B) To measure the central tendency of a data set

C) To calculate the mode of a data set

D) To display frequency distributions

None

50.

Which of the following is NOT a type of probability distribution?

A) Normal distribution

B) Binomial distribution

C) Poisson distribution

D) Median distribution

None

51.

Which of the following is a common measure of the 'spread' of a data set?

A) Standard deviation

B) Median

C) Mode

D) Mean

None

52.

What is the variance of a data set?

A) The square root of the standard deviation

B) The average of the squared deviations from the mean

C) The median of the data set

D) The range of the data set

None

53.

What does the term 'skewness' refer to in statistics?

A) The asymmetry of a distribution

B) The spread of the data

C) The average value of the data set

D) The correlation between two variables

None

54.

What is the primary purpose of hospital statistics?

A) To improve hospital administration and patient care

B) To train new medical staff

C) To design hospital buildings

D) To conduct medical research

None

55.

What is the purpose of a histogram?

A) To show the frequency distribution of a data set

B) To calculate the median

C) To measure the correlation between variables

D) To display the relationship between two categorical variables

None

56.

What does the term 'sample space' refer to in probability theory?

A) The set of all possible outcomes of a random experiment

B) The range of values in a sample

C) The average value of a sample

D) The difference between the highest and lowest values in a sample

None

57.

Which of the following statistical methods is used to test the difference between the medians of two independent groups?

A) Mann-Whitney U test

B) ANOVA

C) Paired t-test

D) Chi-square test

None

58.

What is the primary purpose of hypothesis testing?

A) To determine the mean of a population

B) To assess whether there is enough evidence to reject a null hypothesis

C) To calculate the standard deviation of a sample

D) To identify the mode of a data set

None

59.

Which measure of central tendency is least affected by extreme values?

A) Median

B) Mean

C) Mode

D) Range

None

60.

What does the term 'statistical power' refer to?

A) The probability of correctly rejecting the null hypothesis when it is false

B) The total number of observations in a sample

C) The average value of the data set

D) The spread of the data

None

61.

In hypothesis testing, what is the null hypothesis (H0)?

A) A statement of no effect or no difference

B) A statement that there is a significant effect or difference

C) A theory about the population mean

D) A method for calculating sample size

None

62.

If a data set is normally distributed, what percentage of data falls within one standard deviation of the mean?

A) 50%

B) 68%

C) 95%

D) 99%

None

63.

What does 'data skewness' indicate?

A) The asymmetry of the data distribution

B) The spread of the data

C) The average value of the data set

D) The frequency of data points

None

64.

In a normal distribution, the mean, median, and mode are:

A) All equal

B) All different

C) Only the mean and median are equal

D) Only the median and mode are equal

None

65.

What is the purpose of a chi-square test?

A) To determine if there is a significant association between categorical variables

B) To compare the means of two groups

C) To measure the variance of a sample

D) To calculate the median of a data set

None

66.

What is the primary use of a frequency distribution table?

A) To organize and summarize data into intervals

B) To calculate the mean of a data set

C) To display the relationship between two variables

D) To measure the spread of the data

None

67.

What does the term 'statistical significance' mean?

A) The likelihood that a result is not due to chance

B) The size of the sample

C) The exact value of the population parameter

D) The average value of the data set

None

68.

Which of the following is NOT a measure of dispersion?

A) Range

B) Variance

C) Median

D) Standard deviation

None

69.

Which of the following best describes a bimodal distribution?

A) A distribution with two distinct peaks

B) A distribution with no peaks

C) A distribution with only one peak

D) A distribution that is skewed to the right

None

70.

What is the primary use of a scatter plot?

A) To show the relationship between two variables

B) To calculate the median

C) To determine the mode

D) To display frequency distributions

None

71.

What does a t-test compare?

A) The means of two groups to determine if they are significantly different from each other

B) The standard deviations of two groups

C) The medians of two groups

D) The ranges of two groups

None

72.

What does a high correlation coefficient indicate?

A) A strong relationship between two variables

B) A weak relationship between two variables

C) No relationship between two variables

D) A relationship that cannot be measured

None

73.

What is the standard deviation used to measure?

A) The central location of the data

B) The spread or dispersion of the data

C) The frequency of occurrence of the data

D) The correlation between variables

None

74.

What is a confidence level in the context of confidence intervals?

A) The probability that the confidence interval contains the true population parameter

B) The average value of the data set

C) The degree of skewness in the data

D) The total number of observations

None

75.

What is the 'law of large numbers'?

A) The principle that as the sample size increases, the sample mean will approach the population mean

B) The idea that small samples are more accurate than large samples

C) The concept that sample means can be highly variable

D) The notion that samples should be random

None

76.

In statistics, what is a sample?

A) A subset of a population used to estimate characteristics of the whole population

B) The entire set of data being analyzed

C) The average value of the entire population

D) The measure of dispersion in the population

None

77.

Which of the following is NOT a type of statistical hypothesis?

A) Null hypothesis

B) Alternative hypothesis

C) Research hypothesis

D) Parametric hypothesis

None

78.

What does 'hospital mortality rate' measure?

A) The percentage of patients who die during their hospital stay

B) The number of patients admitted

C) The average length of patient stay

D) The rate of hospital-acquired infections

None

79.

What does 'effect size' measure in statistical analysis?

A) The magnitude of the difference between groups

B) The variability within a single group

C) The correlation between two variables

D) The significance of the test result

None

80.

What is a Pareto chart used for?

A) To display the frequency of problems or defects in descending order

B) To show the relationship between two variables

C) To calculate the median of a data set

D) To measure the correlation between variables

None

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